Jie Meng
Art Education Center，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an710129，China
Zimin Gao
Faculty of Liberal Arts，Northwest University，Xi’an710127，China
Xin Zheng
Art Education Center，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an710129，China
Jiarui Duanmu
Art Education Center，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an710129，China
This work was sponsored in part by
Shaanxi Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Research Project promotes the integrated development of university education, science and technology and talents with science master drama。
Shaanxi Provincial Social Science Foundation project promotes the innovation and practical research of ideological and political education in Shaanxi universities
Email address list：
1.Jie Meng ：mengjie@nwpu.edu.cn
2.Zimin Gao:： 20130088@nwu.edu.cn_
3.Xin Zheng: zhengxinzaixigongda@nwpu.edu.cn
4.Jiarui Duanmu：duanmujr@nwpu.edu.cn
Abstract: In the reform and development of modern education, drama belongs to the basic content of the implementation of comprehensive talent quality education in colleges and universities, which has strong practical and theoretical nature, which requires students to master rich knowledge of art theory, actively participate in diversified art practice activities, improve their own aesthetic quality level, and truly realize the value of personal subject. Especially for the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges and universities, in the drama practice activities, the use of art forms to present real life, attract the attention of teachers and students, can truly achieve the new teaching goals proposed. Therefore, after understanding the basic theory of educational drama and its development status in the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges and universities, this paper deeply discusses the teaching strategies of drama practice to support the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges and universities according to the relationship between drama art practice and talent quality education in colleges and universities, so as to cultivate qualified talents for social development and construction.
Keywords: Drama; Practice; Science; University; Talent development.
Introduction: Educational drama was proposed by European and American countries in the early and mid-20th century, and it is a marginal discipline that applies drama methods to comprehensive education [1]. Educational theatre developed in the United States and other European countries, as well as creative theatre developed in the United States and elsewhere, can be collectively referred to as educational theatre [2].。 Nowadays, this method has been widely used in classroom teaching and community drama activities, and after long-term research and practical discussion in many countries, it has gradually formed an independent theoretical method and aesthetic system. Generally speaking, when implementing educational drama teaching guidance, professional teachers will make reasonable use of drama or theater implementation skills according to the needs of the learning objects, clarify the structure of drama programs through design and planning, build an interactive relationship of group participation, actively guide students to express their creativity and teamwork spirit in activities, and constantly enrich the classroom teaching content, so as to activate students’ practical activities [3].。 From a practical point of view, educational drama pays more attention to the whole process of practical activities rather than the final result of drama performance, so educational drama refers to the drama method used in the period of social culture and general education, and will apply drama elements as a teaching method to teaching activities, so that the learning object can complete the learning tasks in the drama practice and truly achieve the expected learning goals.
- The development status of educational drama in the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges
(1) Research status
As one of the countries with the richest implementation of drama education in the world, the United States has found that more than 1,000 universities in the United States have established drama departments, and some colleges and universities provide students with professional courses such as theater art appreciation and practical activities even if they do not offer drama [4].。 In the reform of American university education, the study and activities of art are one of the indispensable contents, and campus theaters and their creative activities provide a powerful platform for teachers and students to learn and show their abilities. Educational drama not only has systematic research and rich practice in western developed countries, but also scholars from Asian countries have also proposed to integrate educational drama methods into general teaching in practical exploration, among which Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia and other countries have professional teachers to carry out educational drama work. As early as the end of the 20th century, Hong Kong and Taiwan began to explore relevant practices, and some colleges and universities also actively responded to the nine-year consistent teaching reform and established departments of educational drama studies, focusing on strengthening the skills of professional teachers in using drama to carry out teaching activities, and continuously mobilizing students’ interaction and enthusiasm in learning and practice, so as to promote the steady development of education [5].。 As early as the mid-80s of the 20th century, Mr. Sun Jiaxiu, a Chinese educator, once introduced the Western educational theater; In the mid-90s, Professor Li Yingning published “Drama Education and Theatre Education in the United Kingdom” after interviewing Brazilian dramatists, which provided strong support for the implementation of educational drama research and promotion in China.
(2) The status quo of promotion
Combined with the analysis of the talent cultivation mode of science and engineering colleges and universities shown in Figure 1 below, it can be seen that colleges and universities around the country have a relatively complete and strict management system, forming a standardized and perfect teaching system, but relatively speaking, humanities education represented by art, moral education, and aesthetic education has not been highly valued. Especially for science and engineering colleges, if they continue to infiltrate the traditional teaching concept and pay attention to the teaching content of their major, it is not conducive to cultivating outstanding talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, art and labor [6].。 From the perspective of the current teaching work of educational drama to support the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges and universities, the promotion of practical education mainly faces the following problems: first, the traditional concept of long-term historical development. Under the influence of factors such as feudal traditional thoughts, ethical and moral concepts, and secular prejudices, the popularization of art education has developed slowly, and the art education in science and engineering colleges has stagnated, which leads to the fact that some students only have rich theoretical knowledge and the ability to solve practical problems, but they do not have excellent ideological concepts and professional qualities and cannot adapt to the development trend of economic globalization, and they will inevitably be eliminated by the changes of the times; Second, the examination-oriented education system hinders the implementation of art education [7]. Although some students are willing to contact, there are also many students who mistakenly believe that their majors are not directly related to artistic accomplishment, and they will be of little use in their future study, life and work. For science and engineering students, whether it is the logical thinking of professional disciplines or the image thinking cultivated by art, if they lack one of the indispensable contents in their future life and work, then the creation and invention they propose will inevitably affect the play of their imagination or lack practical application; Finally, there is a singularity in the campus culture of science and engineering colleges. Although students are eager to be influenced by art and are curious about related things, schools can provide few practical activities, and there are not many ways for students to improve their artistic accomplishment, which will inevitably lead to a negative attitude towards educational drama in the long run [8].
Fig.1 Talent cultivation model of science and engineering universities
- The relationship between the practice of dramatic art and the quality education of talents in colleges and universities
(1) Presenting history and culture, and disseminating culture and art
In the reform and development of modern education, science and engineering colleges and universities fully implement the party’s education policy, attach importance to the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities, actively promote the fundamental task of cultivating people with virtue, and improve the quality of professional education in an all-round way, which helps to ensure the healthy and steady development of college students. Especially during the period of talent cultivation, professional teachers should reasonably use diversified teaching forms to improve the educational effect [9]. Therefore, under the guidance of the concept of educational drama, both colleges and teachers should actively organize and carry out a variety of drama art practice activities. On the one hand, the daily life of students is selected as the main material, and students are regarded as the main role in participating in practical activities, and according to the “three closeness” work requirements put forward by the Party Central Committee, students are effectively guided to create personalized scripts, and always follow the practical principles that are close to real life and meet the needs of students, and integrate more red culture, classroom culture, and campus culture into the script; On the other hand, teachers and students from liberal arts colleges are invited to participate in drama practice, transforming the content of the script that simply presents social issues into a positive energy script, so that more people can feel the unique charm of history and culture, and at the same time generate a strong sense of participation and belonging during the performance. In this process, increase the communication between teachers and students, encourage and support students to participate in the whole process of drama creation, strengthen students’ consciousness and ability in the process of practice, and guide them to establish ideals and beliefs, which will help to better carry out the quality education of talents in colleges and universities, and actively cultivate outstanding talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, art and labor.
(2) Enhance aesthetic awareness and enrich spare time
As a form of campus artistic expression with the characteristics of the times, the practice of dramatic art plays an important role in the cultivation of practical talents in science and engineering [10].。 Taking drama as an example, it mainly uses lines and body language to express the dilemma faced by college students in their study and life, and conveys the feelings of national rejuvenation and the spirit of struggle to adhere to ideals to teachers and students, and this unique practical activity is more likely to arouse students’ emotional resonance, so that they have unswerving belief and confidence to move forward bravely in their study and life, and at the same time provide a new form for science and engineering colleges to carry out artistic quality training, which helps to create a good campus cultural atmosphere and gradually enhance the aesthetic awareness of students of various majors, constantly enriching their spare time. Nowadays, in the innovation and development of the field of information technology, most students have a variety of channels to obtain information, but do not have the ability to sort out and filter data information, resulting in them are easily influenced by external factors and have wrong consciousness, as shown in Figure 2 below. Teachers and counselors, as life coaches for students in science and engineering colleges, can use their close communication relationship with each other to continuously organize and collect students’ learning and life materials, and make full use of their spare time to organize students to jointly create themed drama scripts, which can not only enrich students’ campus life, but also improve the cultural atmosphere within the campus and create a favorable environment for the implementation of practical education management [11].。 For example, after the introduction of drama education activities, a certain petroleum university regularly organizes students to watch or create themed drama performances, and students can feel the unique charm of drama without going to professional art theaters, and their spare time life is more and more enriched, and their self-confidence and creativity have been effectively cultivated, which has a positive impact on the reform and innovation of non-art colleges.
Figure 2 Flow chart of the network platform to obtain information
(3) Strengthen ideals and beliefs and shape values
The campus culture construction and promotion of science and engineering colleges play an important role in talent cultivation [12]. On the one hand, when teachers and students jointly create drama works, they integrate a large number of red historical elements in the context of modern society, actively promote the core values of socialism, show the lifestyle, value pursuit and ideals and beliefs of the Chinese people at different stages, and convey the spiritual state of the Chinese people and the immortal ideals and beliefs to the teachers, students and leaders in the audience. In this process, as an important way to disseminate the core values of socialism, red historical drama can not only allow people to follow the experiences and emotional changes of the characters in the play, and truly feel the ideals, beliefs and lofty feelings of the Chinese Communists, but also understand the unique value of drama creation through viewing and analysis, so as to imperceptibly carry out ideological and political education and guidance [13].。 On the other hand, in the talent cultivation system of science and engineering colleges and universities, drama practice activities are actively introduced and carried out, which not only enriches the cultural life of the campus, but also provides a unique platform for students to expand their comprehensive quality. In order to ensure that these activities can achieve the expected educational effect, and to have a deeper understanding of teachers and students’ knowledge and understanding of drama works, it is particularly important to pay attention to the post-play questionnaire research. Therefore, at the end of each drama practice activity, teachers and students should design and distribute a detailed questionnaire to systematically collect feedback from teachers and students on the drama work. The content of the questionnaire should cover multiple dimensions, such as the understanding of the plot, the evaluation of character building, the feeling of stage effects, and the comprehension of the theme idea. After statistical analysis of the questionnaire results, science and engineering schools and professional teachers can have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the participants’ diverse perspectives and insights into drama works. For example, after a university begins to guide drama education as shown in Table 1 below, students are required to create a drama script based on their own real experiences after completing their learning tasks. Some students said that when they and their friends were faced with the choice of employment and entrepreneurship, they still decided to give up the job opportunities in the big city and choose to go to the place where the motherland needs it most, while their friends also stood firmly by their side and jointly contributed their youth to the development of the motherland. This kind of positive energy script with the value of the times can allow students to establish correct life values when watching the analysis, and have a positive impact on the employment and entrepreneurship choices of graduates at different stages.
Table 1 The content of drama education guidance in colleges and universities in a certain place
|
Course structure and form |
Course content |
Keynote speaker |
|
Theoretical cognitive curriculum design Recorded broadcast |
Design and method of interdisciplinary integration curriculum of educational drama |
Former Peking University Opera Research Institute teaching director, drama performance professor, National Vocational Qualification Training Base “New vocational course” research and development expert, “P.L.A.Y. Zhou Xiaoli, the founder of the “Plan” educational Drama Project and a national first-class actor |
|
Picture book education integration case Live broadcast |
Application and practice of educational drama paradigm in picture book teaching ——Analysis of the process from picture book deconstruction to drama performance |
He is an expert in teaching in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and the project leader of drama courses in bilingual schools. He has been to Singapore, the United States and Taiwan for many times to participate in educational drama project-based learning |
|
Art teaching integration plan Live broadcast |
The integration of educational drama and art teaching |
Cheng Yong, public welfare promoter of picture book education, art teacher of 11th Middle School of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, and instructor of national art competition |
|
Thinking training fusion application Live broadcast |
Change the way of thinking to achieve a happy life ——Application of learning method of “Five senses” in educational drama |
Ji Zishu, senior lecturer of educational drama, Superintendent of Kuiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province, visiting professor of Weifang College |
|
Music teaching integration case Live broadcast |
The integrated application of educational drama and music teaching |
Li Cheng, Master of Drama Performance (Opera), Peking University, Doctor of Vocal Music, School of Art, Chonbuk National University, Korea, and teacher of Music Performance, School of Art, Hunan Gongshang University |
- Teaching strategies for drama practice to support talent cultivation in science and engineering colleges
(1) Improve the construction of science and engineering majors based on drama practice
In order to orderly implement the talent training work of science and engineering colleges and universities, Chinese colleges and universities should integrate drama elements into the teaching work of colleges and universities, create a new form of classroom teaching, and give full play to the implementation advantages of art and education [14].。 As an example of the teaching system shown in Figure 3 below, under the guidance of professional knowledge, colleges and universities provide students with a variety of courses such as art appreciation and drama performance, and at the same time integrate drama elements in Putonghua, engineering ability training, innovation ability training, etc., and create a unique classroom atmosphere according to a variety of teaching models, so that teaching work, scientific research activities, and artistic literacy are integrated to form a professional campus cultural brand with regional characteristics.
Fig.3 Teaching system of a specialty
(2) Carry out guidance on aesthetic education based on drama practice
As a comprehensive art that integrates literature, performance, music, dance, fine arts and other art forms, drama can not only cultivate students’ aesthetic taste and art appreciation ability, but also guide students to deeply understand the complexity and multifaceted aspects of human nature through role-playing and emotional expression, so as to cultivate their empathy and sense of social responsibility. For the education management of science and engineering colleges and universities in the new era, it is an innovative and effective way to carry out aesthetic education guidance based on drama practice. Among them, the theme class meeting is an effective way for counselors to guide and educate students, and it is also an important form for college students to participate in the democratic management of the class. Therefore, with the support of drama practice, counselors should systematically sort out and analyze the materials of students’ daily life, provide elements close to real life for the design and development of campus dramas, select universal and representative issues in the class meeting, and pay attention to inviting students to discuss and create, so as to increase the interaction between teachers and students, and implement the guidance of aesthetic education in an orderly manner. The result is a better theatrical performance. At the same time, the active participation of students and the reasonable arrangement of counselors will help to transform “traditional preaching” into “independent discussion”, thus laying a solid foundation for the department to cultivate outstanding talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, art and labor.
(3) Improve the level of campus cultural construction based on drama practice
As the soul of the reform and development of science and engineering colleges, campus culture is an important basis for the external image of urban and county colleges and universities and an important basis for improving the level of civilization in the school, and has an irreplaceable influence on students’ life values [15].。 Combined with the implementation structure of professional courses and quality education in science and engineering colleges as shown in Figure 4 below, actively carry out a healthy, progressive and colorful campus culture, which can imperceptibly affect the character of students, further improve students’ humanistic and moral qualities, continuously broaden students’ thinking awareness and learning horizons, and finally cultivate outstanding talents across the century. For example, in order to better enrich the cultural content within the campus and increase the cultural exchanges between the colleges, a certain university proposes to regularly organize and carry out “original drama performances” practical activities after clarifying the existing educational guidance requirements, so as to push drama creation and performance activities to the big stage of the school, make reasonable use of the rich emotions and excellent spirit in the script, and encourage teachers and students to constantly reflect and self-transcend.
Fig.4 Structure of the implementation of professional courses and quality education in science and engineering colleges
Conclusion
To sum up, as a basic part of traditional Chinese culture, drama embodies the wisdom and painstaking efforts of many people throughout the ages, and has fully penetrated into the cultivation of talents in science and engineering colleges and universities, which is conducive to cultivating outstanding talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, art and labor. Therefore, science and engineering colleges and universities should put forward new educational concepts and methods with the support of drama practice according to the problems faced by the existing talent training, so as to show the educational function of educational drama and truly achieve the expected educational goals.
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